Dalam artikel terakhir Bagaimana titik kawalan tanah dan data PPK mempengaruhi ketepatan relatif model 3D, kami telah menyebut bahawa selain data GCP dan PPK, GSD dan dron pembawa juga mempunyai tahap kesan tertentu pada ketepatan relatif 3D. model.Jadi kami melakukan ujian lain untuk mengesahkannya.
Drone pembawa |
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
TIDAK |
TIDAK |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)GSD=2cm |
Panjang model 3D(L2)GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.20 |
0.030 |
0.010 |
8.706 |
8.69 |
8.65 |
0.016 |
0.056 |
|
10.961 |
10.89 |
10.90 |
0.071 |
0.061 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.88 |
6.86 |
0.130 |
0.150 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.76 |
0.062 |
0.062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.38 |
10.37 |
0.030 |
0.040 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.65 |
10.68 |
0.068 |
0.038 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.72 |
13.71 |
0.067 |
0.077 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.41 |
11.38 |
-0.006 |
0.024 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.017 |
0.027 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.44 |
7.49 |
0.086 |
0.036 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.77 |
-0.033 |
0.027 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.35 |
0.024 |
0.024 |
10 |
2.109 |
1.98 |
2.09 |
0.129 |
0.019 |
4.281 |
4.14 |
4.19 |
0.141 |
0.091 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.55 |
14.64 |
0.125 |
0.035 |
8.600 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.020 |
0.030 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.034 |
0.014 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.95 |
12.91 |
-0.010 |
0.030 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
-0.020 |
-0.010 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.011 |
-0.009 |
6.435 |
6.37 |
6.43 |
0.065 |
0.005 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.74 |
3.70 |
0.002 |
0.042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.03 |
5.99 |
-0.008 |
0.032 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.94 |
0.027 |
-0.003 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.12 |
0.030 |
0.000 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.37 |
0.011 |
0.041 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.06 |
6.04 |
0.017 |
0.037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.68 |
13.65 |
0.016 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0397m,DS2=0.0356m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
ya |
Tidak |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)GSD=2cm |
Panjang model 3D(L2)GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.18 |
7.21 |
0.030 |
0 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.68 |
0.026 |
0.026 |
|
10.961 |
10.91 |
10.87 |
0.051 |
0.091 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.92 |
6.88 |
0.090 |
0.13 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.76 |
0.032 |
0.062 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.020 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.66 |
10.72 |
0.058 |
-0.002 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.79 |
0.017 |
-0.003 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0.024 |
0.024 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.13 |
0.027 |
0.017 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.47 |
7.53 |
0.056 |
-0.004 |
13.797 |
13.83 |
13.78 |
-0.033 |
0.017 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.34 |
10.37 |
0.034 |
0.004 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.11 |
0.079 |
-0.001 |
4.281 |
4.18 |
4.28 |
0.101 |
0.001 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.59 |
14.67 |
0.085 |
0.005 |
8.600 |
8.57 |
8.58 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.39 |
0.044 |
0.004 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.92 |
12.9 |
0.020 |
0.04 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.21 |
7.19 |
-0.020 |
0 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.37 |
0.011 |
0.001 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.42 |
0.005 |
0.015 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.7 |
0.022 |
0.042 |
17 |
6.022 |
6.00 |
5.98 |
0.022 |
0.042 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.91 |
-0.003 |
0.027 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.09 |
8.07 |
0.030 |
0.05 |
14.411 |
14.41 |
14.38 |
0.001 |
0.031 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.04 |
0.047 |
0.037 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.046 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0328m,DS2=0.0259m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
TIDAK |
YA |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)GSD=2cm |
Panjang model 3D(L2)GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.210 |
7.20 |
7.20 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
8.706 |
8.71 |
8.69 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.88 |
0.09 |
0.08 |
|
2 |
7.010 |
6.89 |
6.87 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.79 |
1.75 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
4 |
10.410 |
10.39 |
10.38 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.67 |
10.69 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.75 |
13.78 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.38 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.51 |
7.49 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.79 |
13.78 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.34 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.03 |
2.02 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.15 |
4.21 |
0.13 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.61 |
14.65 |
0.07 |
0.03 |
8.600 |
8.60 |
8.57 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.37 |
13.40 |
0.02 |
-0.01 |
13 |
12.940 |
12.88 |
12.89 |
0.06 |
0.05 |
14 |
7.190 |
7.20 |
7.18 |
-0.01 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.36 |
13.38 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
6.435 |
6.40 |
6.46 |
0.03 |
-0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.75 |
3.75 |
-0.01 |
-0.01 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.97 |
5.97 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.93 |
3.91 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.120 |
8.10 |
8.08 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.38 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.05 |
0.04 |
0.03 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0342m,DS2=0.0328m |
Drone pembawa |
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
CW10 VTOL |
DG4pros |
YA |
YA |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)GSD=2cm |
Panjang model 3D(L2)GSD=1.5cm |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.7 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.89 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.98 |
6.99 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.80 |
1.78 |
0.02 |
0.04 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.40 |
10.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.70 |
10.69 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.77 |
13.76 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.39 |
11.39 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.12 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.51 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13.797 |
13.81 |
13.8 |
-0.01 |
0.00 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.36 |
10.35 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.02 |
2.11 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
4.281 |
4.16 |
4.28 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.66 |
14.68 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
8.6 |
8.54 |
8.53 |
0.06 |
0.07 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.35 |
13.37 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.89 |
12.91 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
7.2 |
0.01 |
-0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.35 |
13.35 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.41 |
6.4 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.72 |
3.71 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
5.98 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.89 |
3.89 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.1 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.40 |
14.39 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.03 |
6.03 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.66 |
13.64 |
0.04 |
0.06 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0308m,DS2=0.0249m |
Pembolehubah eksperimen 1 ialah:
1:Dengan/Tanpa data PPK.
2:Dengan/Tanpa GCP.
3: GSD berbeza:1.5 cm atau 2cm
Selepas analisis empat set data eksperimen, kita boleh membuat kesimpulan berikut:
Apabila kamera serong ialah DG4Pros:
(1) Dengan/Tanpa data titik kawalan tanah (GCP) dan PPK yang terlibat dalam triangulasi AT, sama ada VTOL atau dron berbilang pemutar, sama ada GSD adalah 2cm atau 1.5cm, model 3D yang dibina oleh kamera serong DG4Pros boleh memenuhi keperluan ralat ketepatan relatif Ds≤10cm(Sebenarnya ≤5cm).
(2) Apabila GSD ialah pembolehubah tunggal, ketepatan relatif model 3D dengan GSD=1.5cm adalah lebih baik daripada GSD=2cm.
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
TIDAK |
TIDAK |
1.5cm |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)CW10 |
Panjang model 3D(L2)M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.20 |
7.19 |
0.010 |
0.02 |
8.706 |
8.65 |
8.70 |
0.056 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.90 |
10.91 |
0.061 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.86 |
6.98 |
0.150 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.79 |
0.062 |
0.03 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.37 |
10.39 |
0.040 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.68 |
10.69 |
0.038 |
0.03 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.71 |
13.76 |
0.077 |
0.03 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0.024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.12 |
12.12 |
0.027 |
0.03 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.49 |
7.50 |
0.036 |
0.03 |
13.797 |
13.77 |
13.77 |
0.027 |
0.03 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.35 |
10.33 |
0.024 |
0.04 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.09 |
2.02 |
0.019 |
0.09 |
4.281 |
4.19 |
4.20 |
0.091 |
0.08 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.64 |
14.65 |
0.035 |
0.03 |
8.6 |
8.57 |
8.57 |
0.030 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
0.014 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.91 |
12.92 |
0.030 |
0.02 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.20 |
7.17 |
-0.010 |
0.02 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.38 |
13.35 |
-0.009 |
0.02 |
6.435 |
6.43 |
6.41 |
0.005 |
0.02 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.70 |
3.70 |
0.042 |
0.04 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.99 |
5.99 |
0.032 |
0.03 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.94 |
3.89 |
-0.003 |
0.05 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.12 |
8.08 |
0.000 |
0.04 |
14.411 |
14.37 |
14.36 |
0.041 |
0.05 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0.037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.65 |
0.046 |
0.05 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0356m,DS2=0.342m |
Kamera serong |
GCP |
PPK |
GSD |
DG4pros |
YA |
TIDAK |
1.5cm |
Bilangan Objek |
ukuran panjang(L0) |
Panjang model 3D(L1)CW10 |
Panjang model 3D(L2)M600Pro |
DS1(L0-L1) |
DS2(L0-L2) |
1 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
7.21 |
0 |
0.00 |
8.706 |
8.68 |
8.70 |
0.026 |
0.01 |
|
10.961 |
10.87 |
10.91 |
0.091 |
0.05 |
|
2 |
7.01 |
6.88 |
6.98 |
0.13 |
0.03 |
3 |
1.822 |
1.76 |
1.80 |
0.062 |
0.02 |
4 |
10.41 |
10.38 |
10.39 |
0.03 |
0.02 |
5 |
10.718 |
10.72 |
10.70 |
-0.002 |
0.02 |
6 |
13.787 |
13.79 |
13.75 |
-0.003 |
0.04 |
7 |
11.404 |
11.38 |
11.38 |
0.024 |
0.02 |
12.147 |
12.13 |
12.13 |
0.017 |
0.02 |
|
8 |
7.526 |
7.53 |
7.49 |
-0.004 |
0.04 |
13.797 |
13.78 |
13.79 |
0.017 |
0.01 |
|
9 |
10.374 |
10.37 |
10.35 |
0.004 |
0.02 |
10 |
2.109 |
2.11 |
2.07 |
-0.001 |
0.04 |
4.281 |
4.28 |
4.21 |
0.001 |
0.07 |
|
11 |
14.675 |
14.67 |
14.66 |
0.005 |
0.02 |
8.6 |
8.58 |
8.57 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
|
12 |
13.394 |
13.39 |
13.35 |
0.004 |
0.04 |
13 |
12.94 |
12.9 |
12.93 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
14 |
7.19 |
7.19 |
7.18 |
0 |
0.01 |
15 |
13.371 |
13.37 |
13.36 |
0.001 |
0.01 |
6.435 |
6.42 |
6.42 |
0.015 |
0.01 |
|
16 |
3.742 |
3.7 |
3.71 |
0.042 |
0.03 |
17 |
6.022 |
5.98 |
6.00 |
0.042 |
0.02 |
18 |
3.937 |
3.91 |
3.91 |
0.027 |
0.03 |
19 |
8.12 |
8.07 |
8.10 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
14.411 |
14.38 |
14.35 |
0.031 |
0.06 |
|
20 |
6.077 |
6.04 |
6.06 |
0.037 |
0.02 |
21 |
13.696 |
13.65 |
13.67 |
0.046 |
0.03 |
RMSE: DS1=0.0259m,DS2=0.256m |
Pembolehubah eksperimen 2 ialah:
1:Dengan/Tanpa GCP.
2: Drone Pembawa Berbeza: dron VTOL atau dron berbilang rotor
Selepas analisis dua set data eksperimen, kita boleh membuat kesimpulan berikut:
Apabila kamera serong ialah DG4Pros:
(1) Dengan/Tanpa titik kawalan tanah (GCP) sama ada ia adalah VTOL atau drone berbilang pemutar, model 3D yang dibina oleh kamera serong DG4Pros boleh memenuhi keperluan ralat ketepatan relatif Ds≤10cm(Sebenarnya ≤5cm).
(2) Apabila jenis dron pembawa ialah pembolehubah tunggal, ketepatan relatif model 3D dengan multi-rotor adalah lebih baik daripada VTOL, tetapi perbezaannya tidak begitu besar.
Sebelumnya:Cara jarak fokus mempengaruhi hasil pemodelan 3D
Seterusnya:Pendedahan penyegerakan
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